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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When more.. transmits a signal to another, it uses chemicals known as neurotransmitters. They need to cross a tiny gap called a synapse. Some ADHD medications boost the effectiveness of these messages. They either help neurons release neurotransmitters more or slow the reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start ADHD patients with a low dose and monitor their reaction. They adjust the dosage over time to find the “sweet spot” — the lowest level that provides clear improvement in symptoms with few adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the first kind of medication that doctors typically attempt to assist children with ADHD. It is a way to increase the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brains of children, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be taken under the supervision of a physician. Ritalin is the most well-known methylphenidate drug. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER), long-acting chewable tablets (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which may be hazardous for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual disabilities). Make sure you inform your doctor about any food allergies that you or your child may have. Researchers have found that methylphenidate may reduce abnormal activity, especially in the accumbens' nucleus as well as a network of brain networks that are involved in regulating adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is considered to be one of the most effective drugs to treat ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, the tics and agitation. These are rare but can be serious. It is important to consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. Inform your doctor of any heart disease, allergies depression, bipolar disorders, other mental health conditions like glaucoma, seizures, or glaucoma. Also, inform them if your child or you have a history. It is essential to take methylphenidate as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you focus on your thoughts and avoid distractions by speeding up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They are the most commonly used treatments for ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be taken orally and also via injection. Some people have a hard dealing with the adverse effects of stimulant drugs like insomnia, restlessness, or increased heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the right one for you. Some people may need to take a mixture of medications to get the desired effect. The effects of stimulants are mediated by two essential neurotransmitters within the pre-frontal cortex, which is the brain part which regulates your emotions and control your behavior. These medications are prescribed to treat a wide range of mental health conditions that include ADD/ADHD, as well as other ailments like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in various forms, ranging from short-acting to long-acting. They are injected either by injection or orally. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teens who use them to keep awake and study for tests, or by truck drivers and students who need extra energy for endurance sports. Amphetamines may cause psychological and physical problems when misused, particularly at higher doses. ADHD is treatable with non-stimulant medication. These include atomoxetine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals that stimulants do, however they are less likely to exacerbate tics in people with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used to treat teens and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids as well as pills that can either be chewed or swallowed. These medications are typically only available through prescription. The medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last from 3 to 6 hours. These medications ease the symptoms of 70 percent to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce fidgeting and interruptions, as well as making it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. However, they aren't able to address the underlying problems that cause ADHD. So it's important to use them along with behavior therapy. It is also important to know that ADHD medications can have adverse effects. You may feel drowsy or cranky. You may also feel sleepy. These effects are usually minimal, and they disappear as soon as the medicine leaves your system. Your doctor might recommend taking an initial dose of a small amount and then increase it gradually. They'll watch to see how the medication affects you or your child and also look for any signs of problems. It may take time to determine the best dosage and medication for your child or yourself. It's best to open with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They may suggest a change in the amount of medication that you or your child take or if a medication is required at all. They'll also want to know whether your child or you suffers from any other mental or medical health conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants manage ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemicals that are important for the function of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning area of your brain). Most kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor can help you determine the right medication and dosage for you. You may have to try different kinds of medications before finding the one that is most effective for you or your child. You can consume these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. These drugs are quick-acting and last for three to four hours. There are some people who experience problems when the medicine wears off, which is called the “crash effect.” This typically results in an immediate reduction in energy levels and can result in intense hunger. There are also long-acting stimulants like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or yourself can take time. Your doctor will monitor how you respond to the medication and look for signs like sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they'll also discuss non-stimulant medications. You shouldn't alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any prescription medications and supplements you are taking, because certain of them may interfere with certain ADHD medication. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medication is effective for 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD, helping to cut the amount of hyperactivity, interruptions, fidgeting, and impulsivity. They can also help people concentrate, complete tasks and maintain relationships. They may not reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also cause negative side effects, such as the loss of appetite, insomnia and jitteriness. They can also trigger stomachaches, changes in the heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of these medications begin to work within 30 to 60 minutes, and wear off after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants such as the atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the morning. Some doctors suggest taking them in the afternoon, to avoid patients from having to take additional medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels to the same degree as intermediate or short-acting drugs. However, they have a significant effect on dopamine levels. They don't have the same rebound effects as stimulants with shorter durations. Long-acting stimulants due to the possibility of adverse effects, are usually prescribed as a last resort for adults with ADHD and teens who are older. But they can be utilized as a first-line treatment option for certain people with ADHD who haven't had a response to other medications. While medication can aid in improving self-control and concentration however, it's not the only option for people suffering from ADHD. With the help of healthy sleep habits, healthy diets, and other self-help techniques it's often possible to reduce or even eliminate the necessity for ADHD medication.